Potential distribution of the Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in southern Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Negra, México

Resumen

The ocelot is one of the six species of felids distributed in Mexico. This species is threatened with extinction and thus protected by the Mexican government. Knowledge about the environmental factors that affect its presence is a crucial step in identifying key areas and designing strategies for the conservation of this species. The aim of this study was to document the presence of the ocelot to determine its potential distribution and identify important conservation areas in the southern Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Negra of Puebla (as part of the northern Sierra Madre del Sur). We conducted camera-trap surveys from October 2013 through January 2014, placing 63 camera-trap stations distributed in both areas. The overall sampling effort was 2,381 trap-days. The presence of the ocelot was recorded in the Sierra del Abra-Tanchipa Biosphere Reserve, in San Luis Potosi and Sierra Negra in Puebla. An estimated 78 % of the study sites hold suitable environmental conditions for the potential presence of ocelots. The variables that jointly accounted for 65 % of the potential distribution were related to precipitation, namely precipitation of the driest trimester, of the wettest month, and of the warmest trimester. Our potential distribution models suggest the existence of priority regions for ocelot conservation. This research updates the present status of the ocelot in the Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Negra in Puebla, sites that have been subject to high habitat encroachment by human settlements.