Jaguar in the Tepalcatepec basin in central-western Michoacán, México

Abstract

The international conservation status of the jaguar (Panthera onca) is Near Threatened, reason to seek priority regions for its conservation. Both national and international geographical distribution models assume that in the Mexican Pacific slope, the jaguar is present from Sonora to Chiapas and constitute a single subpopulation. However, the possible connectivity routes between different distributional areas in the Pacific region of México, are still unknown. In August 2015, it was initiated a community participatory monitoring program in the southwest of the municipality of Tocumbo, Michoacán, in the Tepalcatepec basin. Exploratory sampling consisted of the opportunistic placement of five Cuddeback X-Change camera traps on tracks and roads where inhabitants of the area had identified wildlife activity. The cameras were placed at a distance of between 200 and 1,000 m. With a sampling effort of 1,200 days/camera, on January 5th, 2017 three photographs of a jaguar were obtained at 00:52 h. The record site is a dirt trail located 3.5 km from the state limit with Jalisco, on the edges of an agricultural area surrounded by tropical dry deciduous forest at an elevation of 1,287 masl. In addition, potential prey such as white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), collared peccary (Dicotyles angulatus), coati (Nasua narica), and predators competitors such as puma (Puma concolor) and coyote (Canis latrans) were recorded. The jaguar presence in the Tepalcatepec river basin provides valuable baseline information in two aspects. It incorporates an alternative and suitable route with validating a contact area between Jalisco and Michoacán for the mobility of jaguars. In addition, is supporting evidence for the hypothesis that the state contain key regions for the design of a viable conservation corridor on the central Pacific for the jaguar. Knowing in which areas the jaguars maintain activity facilitates the design of more accurate distribution models and potential corridors for Michoacán and neighboring states. Therefore, survey efforts should continue in these regions, where flora and fauna assemblages include several endangered species.