Pleistocene distribution of MacConnell’s Bat (Phyllostomidae) suggests intermittent connections between Amazonia and Atlantic Forest
Keywords:
Fruit-eating bat, Mesophylla macconnelli, Last Glacial Maximum, Last Interglacial, Stenodermatinae.Abstract
The historical biogeography of the major South American forested biomes has long intrigued scientists. Paleoclimatic events during the last 130 thousand years promoted connections between forested biomes in the Neotropical region, leading to disjunct distributions of some of the biota. In this context, MacConnell’s Bat, Mesophylla macconnelli, appears to represent a forest-restricted species with its current distribution bisected by dry areas. In this study, we infer past connections between the Amazonia and Atlantic Forest using MacConnell’s Bat and ecological niche models. We obtained 681 records of the species, and estimated its potential distribution during the Last Interglacial (LIG), Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and current periods. Our generated models, based on 260 filtered occurrence records, had very good predictive power, with AUC and TSS adherence values above 0.9. Temperature seasonality and annual precipitation had the highest relative contribution. The potential distribution for the LIG suggested a suitable area connection between the southwestern Atlantic Forest and southern Cerrado and Amazonia. The potential distribution in the LGM suggests range expansion toward northern and eastern Amazonia. The current and inferred past distributions of Mesophylla macconnelli suggest at least two periods of past connection between Amazon and Atlantic Forest. This pattern is found in other forest-associated vertebrates in South America, suggesting that Pleistocene climatic cycles were central to the generation of disjunct distributions in the region.References
AB’SABER, A. N., AND M. COSTA JUNIOR. 1950. Contribuição ao estudo do sudoeste goiano. Boletim Paulista de Geografia 4:3–26.
AB’SABER, A. N. 1977. Os domínios morfoclimáticos da América do Sul. Primeira aproximação. Geomorfologia 53:1–23.
ALLOUCHE, O., A. TSOAR, AND R. KADMON. 2006. Assessing the accuracy of species distribution models: prevalence, kappa and the true skill statistic (TSS). Journal of Applied Ecology 43:1223–1232.
ANTUNES, P. C., ET AL. 2021. Roedores da Bacia do Alto Paraguai: uma revisão do conhecimento do planalto à planície pantaneira. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. Ciências Naturais 16:579–649.
ARAÚJO, M. B., AND M. NEW. 2007. Ensemble forecasting of species distributions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22:42–47.
ARROYO-CABRALES, J. 2008. Genus Mesophylla O. Thomas, 1901. Pp. 327–329, in Mammals of South America, Volume 1: marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats (Gardner, A. L., ed.). The University of Chicago Press. Chicago, U.S.A.
BARBET-MASSIN, M., ET AL. 2012. Selecting pseudo-absences for species distribution models: How, where and how many? Methods in Ecology and Evolution 3:327–338.
BROWN, J. L., ET AL. 2018. Paleoclim, high spatial resolution paleoclimate surfaces for global land areas. Scientific Data 5:1–9.
CARNAVAL, A. C., AND C. MORITZ. 2008. Historical climate modelling predicts patterns of current biodiversity in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Journal of Biogeography 35:1187–1201.
COIMBRA-FILHO, A. F., AND I. G. CÂMARA 1996. Os limites originais do bioma Mata Atlântica na região Nordeste do Brasil. Fundação Brasileira para Conservação da Natureza, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
COSTA, L. P. 2003. The historical bridge between the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest of Brazil: a study of molecular phylogeography with small mammals. Journal of Biogeography 30:71–86.
ENGLER, R., A. GUISAN, AND L. RECHSTEINER. 2004. An improved approach for predicting the distribution of rare and endangered species from occurrence and pseudo-absence data. Journal of Applied Ecology 41:263–274.
FIELDING, A. H., AND J.F. BELL. 1997. A review of methods for the assessment of prediction errors in conservation presence/absence models. Environmental Conservation 24:38–49.
GARBINO, G. S. T., T. B. SEMEDO, AND A. PANSONATO. 2015. Notes on the western black-handed tamarin, Saguinus niger (É. Geoffroy, 1803)(Primates) from an Amazonia-Cerrado ecotone in central-western Brazil: new data on its southern limits. Mastozoología Neotropical 22:311–318.
GARBINO, G. S. T., AND V. C. TAVARES. 2018. Roosting ecology of Stenodermatinae bats (Phyllostomidae): evolution of foliage roosting and correlated phenotypes. Mammal Review 48:75–89.
GARBINO, G. S. T., B. K. LIM, AND V.C. TAVARES. 2020. Systematics of big-eyed bats, genus Chiroderma Peters, 1860 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Zootaxa 4846:1–93.
GOLDING, N. 2014. GRaF: Species Distribution Modelling Using Latent Gaussian Random Fields.
GREGORIN, R., K. L. VASCONCELLOS, AND B. B. GIL. 2014. Two new range records of bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) for the Atlantic Forest, eastern Brazil. Mammalia 79:121–124.
HAFFER, J. 1997. Alternative models of vertebrate speciation in Amazonia: an overview. Biodiversity and Conservation 6:451–476.
HANDLEY JR., C.O. 1976. Mammals of the Smithsonian Venezuelan Project. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series 20:1–89.
HIJMANS, R. J., ET AL. 2005. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 25:1965–1978.
HOORN, C., ET AL. 2010. Amazonia through time: Andean uplift, climate change, landscape evolution, and biodiversity. Science 330:927–931.
HUECK, K. 1972. As florestas da América do Sul: ecologia, composição e importância econômica. Polígono. São Paulo, Brazil.
KARATZOGLOU, A., ET AL. 2004. kernlab-An S4 Package for Kernel Methods in R. Journal of Statistical Software 11:1–20.
LACHER, T. E. AND, C. J. R. ALHO. 2001. Terrestrial small mammal rich-ness and habitat associations in an AmazonForest-Cerrado contact zone. Biotropica 33:171–181.
LEDO, R. M. D., AND G. R. COLLI. 2017. The historical connections between the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest revisited. Journal of Biogeography 44:2551–2563.
LIAW, A., AND M. WIENER. 2001. Classification and Regression by RandomForest. R news 2:18–22.
LIMA-SILVA, L. G., ET AL. 2022. New records and geographic distribution extension of two primate species in the Amazonia-Cerrado transition area, Brazil. Mammalia. In press.
LIU, C., P. M. BERRY, T. P. DAWSON, AND R. G. PEARSON. 2005. Selecting thresholds of occurrence in the prediction of species distributions. Ecography 28:385–393.
MACHADO, A. F., ET AL. 2021. Potential mammalian species for investigating the past connections between Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest. Plos One 16:e0250016.
MARTINS, U. R. 1971. Monografia da tribo Ibidionini (Coleoptera, Cerambycinae). Parte VI. Arquivos de Zoologia 16:1343–1508.
MORITZ, C., J. L. PATTON, C. J. SCHNEIDER, AND T. B. SMITH. 2000. Diversification of rainforest faunas: an integrated molecular approach. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31:533–563.
OLIVEIRA, U., M. F. VASCONCELOS, AND A. J. SANTOS. 2017. Biogeography of Amazon birds: rivers limit species composition, but not areas of endemism. Scientific Reports 7:1–11.
OLSON, D. M., ET AL. 2001. Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on EarthA new global map of terrestrial ecoregions provides an innovative tool for conserving biodiversity. BioScience 51:933–938.
PAVAN, A. C., ET AL. 2011. Patterns of diversification in two species of short-tailed bats (Carollia Gray, 1838): the effects of historical fragmentation of Brazilian rainforests. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 102:527–539.
PHILLIPS, S. J., ET AL. 2017. Opening the black box: an open-source release of Maxent. Ecography 40:887–893.
PHILLIPS, S. J., R. P. ANDERSON, AND R. E. SCHAPIRE. 2006. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling 190:231–259.
PINE, R. H., I. R. BISHOP, AND R. L. JACKSON. 1970. Preliminary list of mammals of the Xavantina/Cachinibo expedition (Central Brazil). Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 64:668–670.
ROBERTS, D. R., ET AL. 2017. Cross-validation strategies for data with temporal, spatial, hierarchical, or phylogenetic structure. Ecography 40:913–929.
ROCHA, P. A., ET AL. 2015. Zoogeography of South American forest-dwelling bats: Disjunct distributions or sampling deficiencies? Plos One 10:e0133276.
RODRÍGUEZ-HERRERA, B., R. A. MEDELLÍN, R. A., AND R. M. TIMM. 2007. Murciélagos Neotropicales que Acampan en Hojas. Editorial Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad - INBio. Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.
SEMEDO, T. B. F., ET AL. 2022. Distribution limits, natural history and conservation status of the poorly known Peruvian gracile mouse opossum (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. In Press.
DA SILVA, F. P., ET AL. 2020. Distribution modeling applied to deficient data species assessment: A case study with Pithecopus nordestinus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae). Neotropical Biology and Conservation 15:165–175.
SOBRAL-SOUZA, T., M. S. LIMA-RIBEIRO, AND V. N. SOLFERINI. 2015. Biogeography of Neotropical Rainforests: past connections between Amazon and Atlantic Forest detected by ecological niche modeling. Evolutionary Ecology 29:643–655.
SOLARI, S., P. M. VELAZCO, AND B. D. PATTERSON. 2012. Hierarchical organization of Neotropical mammal diversity and its historical basis. Pp. 145–156, in Bones, clones, and biomes: the history and geography of Recent Neotropical mammals (Patterson, B. D., and L. P. Costa, eds.). The University of Chicago Press. Chicago, U.S.A.
SOLARI, S., ET AL. 2019. Family Phyllostomidae (New World Leaf-nosed Bats). Pp. 444-583 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Bats, Vol. 9 (D. E. Wilson, and R. A. Mittermeier, eds.). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
TAVARES, V. C., et al. 2022. Historical DNA of rare Yellow-eared bats Vampyressa Thomas, 1900 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) clarifies phylogeny and species boundaries within the genus. Systematics and Biodiversity 20:1–13.
TOMAZ, L. A. G., AND M. ZORTÉA. 2006. Dois novos registros de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) para o Cerrado do Brasil Central. Chiroptera Neotropical 12: 280285.
VANZOLINI, P. E., AND E. E. WILLIAMS. 1970. South American anoles: the geographic differentiation and evolution of the Anolis chrysolepis species group (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia 19:1–124.
VELAZCO, S. J. E., ET AL. 2019. A dark scenario for Cerrado plant species: Effects of future climate, land use and protected areas ineffectiveness. Diversity and Distributions 25:660–673.
DE VIVO, M. 1997. Mammalian evidence of historical ecological change in the Caatinga semiarid vegetation of northeastern Brazil. Journal of Comparative Biology 2:65–73.
WANG, X., ET AL. 2004. Wet periods in northeastern Brazil over the past 210 kyr linked to distant climate anomalies. Nature 432:740–743.
WARREN, D. L., ET AL. 2021. ENMTools 1.0: an R package for comparative ecological biogeography. Ecography 44:504–511.
ZHANG, L., ET AL. 2015. Consensus forecasting of species distributions: The effects of niche model performance and niche properties. Plos One 10:e0120056.
ZORTÉA, M., AND L. A. G. TOMAZ. 2006. Dois novos registros de morcegos para o Cerrado do Brasil Central. Chiroptera Neotropical 12:280-285.
Published
Issue
Section
License
THERYA is based on its open access policy allowing free download of the complete contents of the magazine in digital format. It also authorizes the author to place the article in the format published by the magazine on your personal website, or in an open access repository, distribute copies of the article published in electronic or printed format that the author deems appropriate, and reuse part or whole article in own articles or future books, giving the corresponding credits.
