Potential distribution of the Curaçaoan Long-nosed Bat, Leptonycteris curasoae: implications for monitoring and conservation

Potential distribution of Leptonycteris curasoae

Abstract

Understanding the spatial distribution of animal species, which involves integrating species occurrence with environmental data, provides crucial information for conservation planning, especially for threatened species.  In this study, we used niche-based species distribution models to create a potential distribution map of Leptonycteris curasoae, a vulnerable fruit- and nectar-feeding bat.  This model incorporated occurrence data from field sampling, mammal collections, scientific literature, and environmental variables.  Additionally, we mapped the threats faced by L. curasoae and overlaid this data with protected area boundaries to identify priority conservation regions.  Our results indicate that the current and potential distribution of this species is considerably smaller (~9 %) than the area previously considered according to the IUCN Red List.  The potential distribution of L. curasoae is environmentally restricted to arid and semiarid areas and dry forests in Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao, Northern Colombia, and Venezuela, characterized by high temperatures, low precipitation, and seasonality in temperature and precipitation.  Approximately 22 % of the suitable areas for this species are within protected areas, and we observe differences in the magnitude of the area under protection and the impact of identified threats among countries.  Roost vandalism is the most critical threat in Curaçao and Venezuela, while mining, tourism, and wind farms are more frequent in Colombia.  Expanding or creating protected areas and roosts, jointly with establishing conservation corridors and connected private reserves across political boundaries, are high-priority conservation actions needed to guarantee safe mating and maternity roosts, long-distance movements, and connectivity of L. curasoae populations along its entire geographic distribution.